Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck, produces too much thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland is responsible for producing hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism, which is the process by which the body converts food into energy.
The most common symptoms of hyperthyroidism include:
- Weight loss despite increased appetite
- Rapid heartbeat
- Irritability
- Difficulty sleeping
- Sweating
- Changes in menstrual patterns
- Bulging eyes
Hyperthyroidism can be diagnosed through a physical examination, blood tests, and imaging tests such as an ultrasound or CT scan.
Treatment for hyperthyroidism typically involves medications to block the production of thyroid hormone or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. Radioactive iodine therapy may also be used to destroy the cells in the thyroid gland that produce thyroid hormone.
Possible complications of hyperthyroidism include:
- Heart problems such as atrial fibrillation (irregular heartbeat)
- Osteoporosis (weakened bones)
- Graves’ ophthalmopathy (eye problems)
Hyperthyroidism is relatively uncommon, affecting about 1% of the population. It is more common in women and individuals over the age of 60.
References:
- Mayo Clinic. (2021). Hyperthyroidism. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperthyroidism/symptoms-causes/syc-20373659
- American Thyroid Association. (n.d.). Hyperthyroidism. Retrieved from https://www.thyroid.org/hyperthyroidism/
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2020). Hyperthyroidism. Retrieved from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/hyperthyroidism