A low-fat diet may help to reduce the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) by reducing levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, also known as “bad” cholesterol. High levels of LDL cholesterol can contribute to the build-up of plaque in the arteries, which can increase the risk of CAD. A low-fat diet may also help to lower blood pressure, another risk factor for CAD.
A low-salt diet may also help to reduce the risk of CAD by lowering blood pressure. High blood pressure can damage the arteries and increase the risk of CAD. The American Heart Association recommends limiting sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams (mg) per day for most adults, and to less than 1,500 mg per day for adults with high blood pressure, African Americans, and people over the age of 51.
The American Heart Association recommends a diet that is high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, such as those found in nuts, seeds, and avocado. Examples of foods to eat include:
- Fruits and vegetables: leafy greens, berries, citrus fruits, tomatoes, bell peppers, sweet potatoes, carrots, apples, pears, bananas, and more
- Whole grains: whole wheat, quinoa, oats, brown rice, and more
- Lean proteins: chicken, turkey, fish, tofu, beans, and more
- Healthy fats: nuts, seeds, avocado, olive oil, and more
Examples of foods to avoid or limit include:
- Saturated and trans fats: found in fried foods, processed snack foods, and many baked goods
- Sodium: found in processed and packaged foods, canned soups and vegetables, and condiments
- Added sugars: found in sugary drinks, candy, and many processed and packaged foods
It is important to note that everyone’s dietary needs are different, and it is always best to consult with a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian to determine the best diet for you.