Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a type of abnormal heart rhythm in which the heart’s lower chambers (ventricles) beat too fast. This can cause the heart to pump less effectively, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, and chest pain. In severe cases, VT can be life-threatening and may lead to sudden cardiac arrest.
There are several potential causes of VT, including heart attacks, heart disease, and certain medications. VT can also be caused by structural abnormalities in the heart, such as scar tissue from previous heart surgery or congenital heart defects.
VT is typically diagnosed using an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), which records the electrical activity of the heart. Other tests, such as a Holter monitor (a portable device that records the heart’s activity for a 24-hour period) or an echocardiogram (an ultrasound of the heart), may also be used to diagnose VT.
There are several types of VT, including monomorphic VT (characterized by uniform, regular beats) and polymorphic VT (characterized by irregular, variable beats). The type of VT can help guide treatment decisions.
Treatment for VT may include medications, such as beta blockers or antiarrhythmic drugs, to slow the heart rate and restore normal rhythm. In severe cases, electrical cardioversion (a procedure that uses electrical shocks to restore normal heart rhythm) or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) may be necessary.
The effectiveness of medical treatment for VT depends on the underlying cause of the arrhythmia and the severity of the condition. In some cases, VT may be well-controlled with medications, while in other cases more aggressive treatment may be needed.
VT is relatively uncommon, but it can occur in people of any age. It is more likely to occur in people with underlying heart conditions or those who have had previous heart surgery.