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ISTQB-Foundation Level Exam Sample Questions (Q81-Q86):

NEW QUESTION # 81
Which of the following statements regarding inspection is NOT true?

A. An inspection can be performed by peers.
B. An inspection shall follow a formal process based on rules and checklists with entry and exit criteria
C. An inspection may be led by a trained moderator who shall not be the author.
D. The main purpose of an inspection is to find solutions to the problems.

Answer: D

Explanation:
An inspection is a type of review that follows a defined process with formal entry and exit criteria and roles and responsibilities for participants. An inspection can be performed by peers with different roles, such as moderator, author, reviewer and scribe. The following statement about inspection is not true:
B) The main purpose of an inspection is to find solutions to the problems. This statement is not true, as the main purpose of an inspection is to find defects or issues in a work product, not to find solutions to the problems. Finding solutions to the problems is a debugging or problem-solving activity that is usually performed by the author or developer after receiving the inspection report. The following statements about inspection are true:
A) An inspection may be led by a trained moderator who shall not be the author. This statement is true, as an inspection requires a moderator role who leads the inspection process and ensures that it follows the rules and standards. The moderator should be trained in inspection techniques and should not be the author of the work product under inspection, in order to avoid bias or conflict of interest.
C) An inspection can be performed by peers. This statement is true, as an inspection involves peer review, which means that the work product under inspection is evaluated by people who have similar roles or expertise as the author, but who are not directly involved in creating or modifying the work product.
D) An inspection shall follow a formal process based on rules and checklists with entry and exit criteria. This statement is true, as an inspection follows a formal process that consists of six main steps: planning, kick-off meeting, individual preparation, review meeting, rework and follow-up. Each step has defined rules and checklists to guide the participants and ensure consistency and quality. Each step also has entry and exit criteria to ensure that the prerequisites and objectives are met before moving to the next step. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, Chapter 3, page 28-29.

NEW QUESTION # 82
Consider the following user story about the authentication functionality of an e-commerce website:
"As a logged-in user, I want to change my current password with a new one, so that I can make my account safer".
The following are some of the acceptance criteria defined for the user story:
[a] After the logged-in user has successfully changed his password, an email confirming the change must be sent to him
[b] To successfully change the password, the logged-in user must enter the current password, enter a new valid password, and finally confirm by pressing the 'Change Password' button
[c] To be valid, the new password entered by the logged-in user is not only required to meet the criteria related to the length and type of characters, but must also be different form the last 5 passwords of that user
[d] A dedicated error message must be presented to the logged-in user when he enters a wrong current password
[e] A dedicated error message must be presented to the logged-in user when he enters the correct current password, but enters an invalid password Based only on the given information, which of the following ATDD tests is most likely to be written first?

A. The logged-in user enters the correct current password, enters an invalid password, and finally views the dedicated error
B. The logged-in user submits a purchase order containing ten items, selects to pay with a Visa credit card, enters credit card information of a valid card, presses the 'Confirm' button, and finally views the dedicated message confirming that the purchase has been successful
C. The logged-in user enters a wrong current password and views the dedicated error message
D. The logged-in user enters the correct current password, enters a valid new password (different from the last 5 passwords), presses the Change Password' button, and finally receives the e-mail confirming that the password has been successfully changed

Answer: D

Explanation:
ATDD stands for Acceptance Test-Driven Development, which is a collaborative approach to software development and testing, in which the acceptance criteria of a user story are defined and automated as executable tests before the implementation of the software system. ATDD tests are usually written in a Given- When-Then format, which describes the preconditions, the actions, and the expected outcomes of a test scenario. ATDD tests are intended to verify that the software system meets theexpectations and the needs of the users and the stakeholders, as well as to provide feedback and guidance for the developers and the testers.
Based on the given information, the ATDD test that is most likely to be written first is the one that corresponds to option B, which is:
Given the logged-in user is on the Change Password page When the user enters the correct current password, enters a valid new password (different from the last 5 passwords), and presses the Change Password button Then the user receives an email confirming that the password has been successfully changed This ATDD test is most likely to be written first, because it covers the main functionality and the happy path of the user story, as well as the most important acceptance criterion [a]. It also verifies that the user can change the password with a valid new password that meets the criteria related to the length, the type of characters, and the history of the passwords, as specified in the acceptance criterion [c]. The other options are not likely to be written first, because they either cover less critical or less frequent scenarios, such as entering a wrong current password [d] or an invalid new password [e], or they are not related to the user story or the acceptance criteria at all, such as submitting a purchase order [d]. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
* ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.3.1, Testing in Software Development Lifecycles1
* ISTQB® Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0,Acceptance Test-Driven Development, User Story, Acceptance Criterion, Given-When-Then2

NEW QUESTION # 83
Which of the following is correct with regards to debugging?

A. Debugging identifies the cause of a failure
B. Debugging is considered part of the testing activities
C. Debugging is often performed by test engineers
D. Debugging is intended to find as many defects as possible in the code

Answer: A

Explanation:
Debugging is the process of finding, analyzing and removing the causes of failures in software. Debugging is not considered part of testing, but rather a development activity that can involve testing. Debugging is not intended to find as many defects as possible, but rather to fix the specific failure that was observed. Debugging is usually performed by developers, not by test engineers. Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, Chapter 1, page 6.

NEW QUESTION # 84
Which of the following lists factors That contribute to PROJECT risks?

A. problems in defining the right requirements; contractual issues; poor software quality characteristics.
B. skill and staff shortages; problems in defining the right requirements, contractual issues.
C. poor software quality characteristics; software does not perform its intended functions.
D. skill and staff shortages; software does not perform its intended functions; problems in defining the right requirements.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Project risks are the uncertainties or threats that may affect the project objectives, such as scope, schedule, cost, and quality. According to the ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 syllabus, some of the factors that contribute to project risks are:
* Skill and staff shortages: This factor refers to the lack of adequate or qualified human resources to perform the project tasks. This may result in delays, errors, rework, or low productivity.
* Problems in defining the right requirements: This factor refers to the difficulties or ambiguities in eliciting, analyzing, specifying, validating, or managing the requirements of the project. This may result in misalignment, inconsistencies, gaps, or changes in the requirements, affecting the project scope and quality.
* Contractual issues: This factor refers to the challenges or disputes that may arise from the contractual agreements between the project parties, such as clients, suppliers, vendors, or subcontractors. This may result in legal, financial, or ethical risks, affecting the project delivery and satisfaction.
The other options are not correct because they list factors that contribute to PRODUCT risks, not project risks.
Product risks are the uncertainties or threats that may affect the quality or functionality of the software product or system. Some of the factors that contribute to product risks are:
* Poor software quality characteristics: This factor refers to the lack of adherence or compliance to the quality attributes or criteria of the software product or system, such as reliability, usability, security, performance, or maintainability. This may result in defects, failures, or dissatisfaction of the users or stakeholders.
* Software does not perform its intended functions: This factor refers to the deviation or discrepancy between the expected and actual behavior or output of the software product or system. This may result
* in errors, faults, or malfunctions of the software product or system.
References = ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 syllabus, Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Testing, Section 1.5: Risks and Testing, Pages 14-16.

NEW QUESTION # 85
Which sequence of state transition stated in the answer choices is correct in accordance with the following figure depicting me life-cycle of a defect?

A. S0->S1->S2->S3->S5->S1->S2->S3
B. S0->S1->S2->S3->S4
C. S0->S1->S2->S3->S5->S3->S4
D. S0->S1->S2->S3->S5
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